Automatic firearm.



J. 0. WINKS.

AUTOMATIC PIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAILS, 1913.

Patented July28, 1914 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Y nu.. m' 1w, www 1 J. O. WINKS.

AUTOMATIC PIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED Mmm. 191s.

Patented July 28, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

KTM

Wl TNESSES:

' cartridge UNITED sTairEs JOHN o: wINxs, or SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. l

Specification of Letters Patent. y Patentd illy 28 1914, I Application led Marcha, 1913. Serial N0. 751,679. A l

To all 'whomI it may concern:

Beit known that I, JOHN' O. WINKS, a

citizen of the United States, and a resident the empty cartridge 'from thefbarrel and to insert another loaded cartridge.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide an automatic firearm in which the is locked in the barrel at the time of tiring. A

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel means for conveying the cartridge from the magazine to the barrel.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved firing mechanism.

The invention possesses other advantageous features, which, with the foregoing, will be set forth at lengthinthe following description where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected yfor illustration in the drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification.

The novelty of the invention will be included in the claims succeeding said description. From this it will be apparent that I do not limit myself to the showing made by said drawings and description, as I may adopt many variations of my invention, as eX- pressed in said claims.

In the drawings I have shown my inven- 'tion as applied to a rifle, but it is evident that the same structure with some modifications may be applied t0 shot guns and small arms.

Referring to said drawings: Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section taken through the central part of the rilie, vshowing `thel various parts in position for firing. Fig. 2, is a similar view on a smaller scale, showing the position ofthe parts at the instant of firing. Fig. 3 is a view similar to' Fig. 2,

showing the position of the parts after liring, with the breech bolt in its rear most` position. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal vertical section of the magazine and receiver. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the barrel removed from the gun. Fig. 6 is a. perspective view vof the breech bolt and cartridge lifting mechanism, part thereof being broken away. Fig. 7 is a perspective view from the rear of the breech'b'olt Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the firing pin. Fig. 9 is ay perspective view o f the lower part of the receiver and magazme holder. Fig'. 10 is a longitudinal vertical sectional detail of the hand operative means for moving the cartridges within the receiver. Fig. 11 is a longitudinal vertical section ofthe receiver. Fig. 12 is a similar section ofthe receiver showing the opposite side. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a clip arranged within the receiverl for holding the A l a perspective view of part of the magazine.

Fig. 17 is a. view'of the stop for, holding the barrel in the receiver.

The firearm comprises a chambered casing or receiver 2 in which are arranged the various loading, firing and extracting mechanisms.. The receiver is composed essentially of two parts which arereadily separable from each other so that the gun canbe readily taken down. The top and sides of the receiver are formed integral and support the barrel 3 and the loading mechanism, and the bottom 4 is yformed integral with part of the stock 5 in which the magazine 6 is arranged. The two parts are hinged or linked together at 17 and are latched at the rear end through the medium of the hook 8 and the spring held pin 9. l

The barrel 3 is provided on its rear end with an extension 12 which lies above the bore 13 and contacts with the top of the receiver. This extension terminates a short distance in advance of the rear end of the receiver so that the barrel may have a limited reciprocating movement with respect to the receiver. This movement is limited in the forward direction by the stop 14, ar-` ranged in the front wall of the receiver,

side of the barrel. ,The rearward extension 12 of the'barrel is of substantially the same lwidth as the receiver and its movement is guided thereby as it slides therein.-

v Arranged in the receiver 2 below the b irrel extension 12 and contacting therewith is the breech bolt 16 which is'provided at its forward end with an aperture 17 through lwhich.projects'tliediring pin `1.8, arranged within the bo t locked in'its forwardposltion, locking'the 16. The bolt is cartridge in the barrel, by'means o the latches 19 which are pivotally supported by the extension 12 adjacent its rear end. The. front ends of these latches abut against the rear en d of the'bolt when the bolt is in the forward position, and being depressed at the forward end, .contact with the rear end of the bolt and'- lock it in the forward position. The latches are provided with projecting pins21which enga e in inclined slots 22 in opposite sides o the receiver. A s the barrel is moved backward due to the recoil, the pins slide in the slots to the upper.

ends thereof andlift the latches 19 out of the pat-h of the breech bolt 16, so that the breech bolt is free to travel backward dto the` end of the receiver.

On the side of the breech bolt is a small dog 23, projecting beyond the frontgedge thereof, which engages a shoulder or recess on the cartridge and extracts it from Vthe barrel as the breech bolt moves backward. When the cartridge hasv been withdrawn from the barrel, therear end thereof is en,

gaged at 'one side by a' finger 24 seated'inl a slot in one side of the receiver and the empty erably formedv integrallyr with the breech 'bolt'16 are two forwardlyextending slides or arms 28 which extend into the tube 29 and are connected at their ends by the head 31. These slides 28 lie below the level of the breech bolt proper and the distance between the outer surfaces of the slides is preferably the same as the width of the bolt, which in turn is the same width as the extension 12 of the barrel.V

Arranged between the slides 28 and se-` cured yto the head 31 is a bar 32 having' a sloping 4or tapered end 33. `Surrounding the bar 32 and lying between the slides 28 is a coiled spring 34, which bears against the head 31 at one'end, and contacts with the' front of the receiver at the other end. Thebottoms of the slides 28 are alined with and bear upon the bottom 4 of the receiver,

thereby guiding the breech bolt in its proper l path. The bottom 4 is provided with a 'raisedf' central portion 35 which forms grooves between itself and the sides of the receiver, in which the slides 28 slide. Ar-

ranged on this raised central portion 35 is a plate 36 of the same width as the portion 35 which is loosely attached tothe `bottom 4 by means of the pin 37. On the plate 36 is arranged a 'spring clip 38 intowhich the cartridge is moved from the magazine and fromwhich itis raised and driven into the barrel.`

The bar 32-is preferabl that the extreme end .33 thereof lies under the'plateg36, as shown in Fig. 1.` lAs the breech bolt is moved backward, due to the firing of the cartridge, the bar 32 is simultaneously movedbackward, driving the wedge shaped end 33 thereof under the plate 36 and lifting the cartridge into` such position that the return of the bolt will drive it into the barrel, which is widened at the rear j end to facilitate the entrance of the car-V of such lengthl fridge. .On the backward stroke of the breech bolt the coiled spring 34 is compressed, and the subsequent expansion of the spring moves the bolt back to firing position. Means have also been provided. for removing the cartridge from the barrel .without firing the same or forfintroducing a cartridge into the barrel by manual operation. Surrounding the tube 29 at its outer end and slidable thereon is a grip39 provided with a projection 41 extending through a slot 42 in the tube into the path of the; head 31. As vthis grip is drawn backward by hand, the breech bolt and the bar 32 are moved back, opening the breech of the barrel and raising the cart-ridge on the' plate 36 into position to be driven into the barrel. grip 39, the cartridge is driveninto the barrel and the breech bolt locked in position.

Within the breech bolt 16 is arranged the firing pin 18 which is provided with a projecting point 43 which is adapted to project through an aperture 17 in the breech boltand fire the cartridge. The breech bolt is `formed hollow and therear end thereofl is partly closed by the slide 44, between which and the firing pin 18v is arranged a coiled spring 45, which drives the firing pin against the cartridge. The firing pin is .provided with a rearwardly extending body 46` ywhich projects backward'beyond the end of the bolt and is provided on its rear end with 10o On the forward movement of the l a head 47 projecting below the body 46.. The

breech bolt is provided at opposite sides of its lower face with slot-s 48 which are alined with the lower'end of the head 47. Sliding in these slots 48are the detents 49 of the trigger or releasing mechanism. These de-- tents 49 are arranged in the rear of the po sition of the rear end of the breech bolt when it is in the forward position, so'that as the breech bolt is moved forward, theA detents enga-ge the head 47. ofthe firing 'pin and i* cause the firing pin to remain stationary as the breech bolt moves to its forward posi-l tion, thereby compresssing the spring 45.

The tiring pin releasing mechanism which is operated by the trigger 5l comprises a frame 52 which is provided at opposite sides with ears 53, by which it is pivotally attaehed at -.L to the upstanding ears 55 on the bottom et of the receiver. The two sides of the frame 52 are spaced apart a sufficient distance so that the cartridge may pass therebetween as it is moved out of the magazine. A pressure on the trigger 51 moves the detents 49 allowing the firing pin to spring forward and lire the cartridge. The trigger mechanism is locked, when desirable, against accidental discharge by the slide (32 arranged in the stock of the gun and provided with a. button 56 projecting through said stock. When the slide 62 is moved to operative position it contacts with the cross piece 57 on frame 52 and prevents the frame from being moved about its pivot.

The magazine 6, in which the cartridges are arranged, comprises a metallic shell 59 which is removably secured in the stock 5 of the gun and from which it may be readily released and withdrawn when desirable. The magazine shell 59 is provided with a rounded upper face 66 corres onding to the curvature of the rear end or the cartridge and is of such width and inclination, that when the cartridges are placed therein, the projectiles 67 Contact with the forward face of the magazine below the point thereof, as shown in Fig. l. By means of this arrangement the cartridges slide readily in the magazine and do not 'become jammed therein. Arranger. within the magazine shell is a follower G3 which is pressed forward by the coiled spring G4. The follower is designed so that it contacts with the cartridge at the lower part of the rear end only, pressing the upper part of said rear end into engagement with the rounded upper side of the magazine. By exerting an upward pressure at the rear end of the cartridge only, and constructing the magazine so that the point of the proliectile does not contact with the magazine. the cartridges are readily advanced as the leading one is withdrawn. The upper or discharge end of the magazine is cut awa)v at the front portion and contract-ed at the top portion to allow the cartridges to be withdrawn longitudinally therefrom, and to prevent the spring G4 from forcing them out si-dewise. Arranged on the bottom of the breech bolt at the rear end thereof, is a dog G5 which on the forward movement of the bolt engages the leading cartridge in the magazine and moves it forward into the clip 38, from which the previous cartridge has just been removed.

I claim:

1. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged behind said barrel, means arranged below the forward position of said bolt adapted to support a cartridge and a wedge shaped member attached to said bolt adapted to raise said means as the bolt moves to its rear position.

2. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged behind said barrel, a plate arranged below the forward position of said bolt adapted to support a cartridge, and a wedge shaped member attached to said bolt adapted to be moved below said plate and raise the same as the boltI moves to its rear position.

3. In an automatic firearm, a receiver, a barre-l attached to said receiver, a tube arranged below said barrel, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged behind said barrel, slides connected to said bolt and extending into said tube, a bar having a wedge shaped rear end attached to said slides at the forward end, and a cartridge supporting plate arranged in said receiver below the forward position of said bolt under which said wedge shaped end is adapted to engage.

4. In an automatic firearm, a receiver, barrel and magazine in combination with a tube arranged below and attached to said barrel, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged in said receiver behind said barrel, slides connected to said bolt and extending into said tube, a| bar having a wedge shaped inner end attached to said slides, the lower face of said bar being alined With t-he bottom of the receiver, a plate arranged on the bottom of the receiver, a cartridge-supporting means'on said plate and a spring engag ing said slides tending to hold the bolt in its forward position.

5. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, magazine and receiver in combination with a reciprocating breech bolt arranged in said receiver behind said barrel, slides connected to said bolt and bearing against the bottom of the receiver, a cartridge holder arranged below the forward position of the breech boltJ means for moving a cartridge from the magazine into said holder on the forward movement of the breech bolt, and a wedge shaped member attached to said slides adapted to raise the cartridge holder on the rearward movement of the bolt.

G. In an automatic firearm, a barrel, magazine and receiver in combination with a reciprocating breech bolt arranged in said receiver behind the barrel, slides connected to said bolt bearing against the bottom of the receiver and extending into a tube arranged below the barrel, the tube, means attached to said slides for raising the car-v tridge in the receiver into position to be driven into the barrel by the breech bolt, and a grip surrounding said tube adapted t-o be rcciprocated manually to reciprocate said slides.

7. In an automatic firearm, a hollow breech bolt provided on the lower edge of its side faces with grooves, a firing pin in Said bolt provided at its rear end with a head arranged in line with said grooves and adapted in its normal position to close the rear ends of said grooves, detents arranged in line with said grooves adapted to enter said grooves on the rearward motion of the bolt and to retain said firing pin on the forward movement of the bolt, a spring arranged between said firing pin and bolt adapted to be compressed on the forward movement ofthe bolt, and means for moving said detents out of engagement with said head.

8. In an automatic firearm, a trigger mechanism comprising al frame having side members spaced apart a A distance greater than the diameter of the cartridge, a bar connecting said side members, and a slide adapted to be moved manually into contact with said bar.

9. In an automatic firearm, 'a barrel, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged behind said barrel, means arranged below the forward position of said bolt for supporting a cartridge, means for moving the cartridge into said support, and a wedge shaped member attached to said bolt adapted to raise said support as the bolt moves to its rear position.

10. In an automatic firearm, a receiver, barrel and magazine, in combination with a reciprocating breech bolt arranged in said receiver behindI said barrel, means arranged below the forward position of said bolt for` supporting a cartridge, means operative on the forward movement of said bolt for moving a cartridge from the magazine to the supporting means, and a .wedge shaped member attached to said'bolt adapted to raise said support as the bolt' moves to its rear position.

11. In an automatic firearm, a receiver, a magazine arranged below and in the rear of said receiver adapted to hold cartridges in a horizontal position, a reciprocating breech bolt arranged in said receiver, means arranged below the forward position of said bolt for supporting a cartridge, means o ative on the forward movement of said olt for moving a cartridge from the magazine to said supporting means and a wedge shaped member attached to said bolt adapted to raiser said cartridge as the bolt moves to its rear position'.

12. In an automatic firearm, a receiver, a magazine arrangedat the rear end of said receiver adapted to hold cartridges in a horizontal position, a reciprocating breech bolt in said receiver, means arranged below the forward position of said bolt for supporting a cartridgel horizontally, means operative on the forward movement of said bolt for moving a cartridge longitudinally from said magazine to saidI supporting means and means operative by the backward movement of said bolt for raising` said supporting means. 4 a

13. In an automatic firearm, a receiver,

a stock, a magazine in said stock adapted to hold cartridges in a horizontal position with the upper cartridge in said receiver, a reciprocating breech bolt in said receiver, 'means arranged below the forward position of said bolt and in line with the upper cartridge for supporting a cartridge, means operative on the forward movement of the breech bolt for moving said upper cartridge longitudinally to said supporting means, e

and means operative by the backward movement of the bolt for raising Said supporting means.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at San Francisco, California, this 24th day of February, 1913, 4

JOHN O. WINKS. In presence of H. G. PRos'r,

P. S. PIDWELL. 

